The cognitive dissonance theory and its function in public. The theory of dissonance is here applied to the problem of why partial reward, delay of reward, and effort expenditure during training result in increased resistance to extinction. Introduced by leon festinger in 1957and since that time debated, refined, and debated again by psychologistscognitive dissonance is defined as the aversive state of arousal that occurs when a person holds two or more cognitions that are inconsistent with each other. The present study examined cognitive dissonancerelated attitude change. Cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolution. The theory of cognitive dissonance 1 concentrates on creating knowledge about important psychological processes of individuals. It is known by every social psychologist, most psychologists of any stripe, and the lay public, making its way into such mainstream publications as the new york times with increasing frequency and accuracy. Show that dissonance can hurt selfesteem or increases guilt 5. Cognitive dissonance theory synonyms, cognitive dissonance theory pronunciation, cognitive dissonance theory translation, english dictionary definition of cognitive dissonance theory. Cognitive dissonance theory has been known to play out in several ways. In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values, or participates in an action that goes against one of these three, and experiences psychological stress because of that. May 11, 2012 theory of cognitive dissonance the theory of cognitive dissonance has been the subject of interest and study of social psychologists in particular.
If you like to smoke then this can be considered a cognition. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Cognitive dissonance explains why people change their attitudes or behaviors when they are introduced to new and contradicting information. A cognitive dissonance approach avidit acharya, stanford university matthew blackwell, harvard university maya sen, harvard university the standard approach in positive political theory posits that action choices are the consequences of preferences. The author contends that a state of impasse exists within learning theory largely because some of its major assumptions stand in apparent opposition to cetain wellestablished experimental results. Cognitive dissonance theory cdt argues that the experience of dissonance or incompatible beliefs and actions is aversive and people are highly motivated to avoid it. You have to choose only 1, causing you cognitive dissonance. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a pivotal theory in social. Major cognitive dissonance phenomena let us now turn to a brief discussion of major cognitive dissonance phenomena. Pdf cognitive dissonance theory festinger researchgate. According to cognitive dissonance theory,an individual experiences a mental discomfort after taking an action that seems to be in con. May 16, 2019 a theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger, 1962, stanford university press edition. Leon festinger was the first psychologist to study cognitive dissonance around the 1950s, and his works, such as books and experiments, helped to shed light on the ways in which humans act to decrease cognitive dissonance. This paper discusses the aspects of the cognitive dissonance theory.
Go to the editions section to read or download ebooks. The theory of cognitive dissonance was developed in 1957 by leon festinger 1919 to 1989, an american psychologist, and has at its core the principle that people strive to maintain consistency among pairs of cognitions or knowledges about their. Feb 01, 2018 this video describes cognitive dissonance theory. Published in 1976, perspectives on cognitive dissonance is a valuable contribution to the field of social psychology. Before i can give examples of the cognitive dissonance theory i first have to explain what cognitive dissonance means. This approach is based on the hypotheticodeductive method, which involves the following processes. Cognitive dissonance theory in social psychology iresearchnet. In a theory of cognitive dissonance 1957, leon festinger proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological. Cognitive dissonance can occur in many areas of life, but it is particularly evident in situations where an individuals behavior conflicts with beliefs that are integral to his or her selfidentity. A theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger, 1962, stanford university press edition. An analysis of leon festingers a theory of cognitive dissonance. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors dissonance, something must change to eliminate the. Festingers 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and behavior in harmony and avoid disharmony or dissonance. Miller and others published cognitive dissonance theory festinger.
Article information, pdf download for free choice and cognitive dissonance. Lord wrote a paper on whether or not the theory of cognitive dissonance was not tested enough and if it was a mistake to accept it into theory. Cognitive dissonance theory theorized by leon festinger states when we have two beliefs, actions, or sentiments that conflict with one another, we go through an aversive emotional state or. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the a theory of cognitive dissonance, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country.
The advances in the history of cognitive dissonance theory. Leon festinger, one such noted social psychologist, explained that people, in the course of their daily lives, hold a myriad of cognitions simultaneously. Cognitive dissonance theory, developed by leon festinger 1957, is concerned with the relationships among cognitions. This work is a clearly stated theory on how humans think, decide, and defend their decisions. Ebook a theory of cognitive dissonance libro electronico. It can thus be concluded that the theory of cognitive dissonance is a nomothetic theory one that seeks universal and general laws. Cognitive dissonance has been an important and influential theory since leon festinger published his classic work in 1957.
The theory is somewhat counterintuitive and, in fact, fits into a category of counterintuitive social psychology theories sometimes referred to as action opinion. According to cognitive dissonance theory, there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions i. Cognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge. Leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social. The theory of cognitive dissonance festinger, 1957. A theory of cognitive dissonance download ebook pdf. In their efforts to avoid feelings of dissonance, people will avoid hearing views that oppose their own, change their beliefs to match their actions, and seek reassurance after.
It is also a prime example of how creative thinking and problem solving skills can come together to produce w. Psychology the psychological tension that occurs when one holds mutually exclusive beliefs or attitudes and that often motivates people to modify their. Cognitive dissonance is the negative feeling that results from conflicting beliefs and behaviors. An introduction to the theory of cognitive dissonance. Traditional dissonance theory predicts a spreading apart of chosen and rejected. Leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology. The premiss for this classic piece of research was to address. This robust theory suggests that a motivational state of inner tension is triggered by logically inconsistent ways of thinking.
Dissonance spring is an international small group meeting for researchers interested in cognitive conflict models with a focus on cognitive dissonance theory, to be held in may 2020. Specifically, it focuses on the relationships among cognitions that are elements of knowledge that people have about their behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, feelings, or environments. Cognitive dissonance reduction can be seen as an antecedent condition which leads to activity oriented towards dissonance reduction just as hunger leads to activity oriented towards hunger reduction. Show why other ways to reduce dissonance like avoidance will not work 7. Cd is among the most influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology e.
Leon festingers 1957 a theory of cognitive dissonance is a key text in the history of psychology one that made its author one of the most influential social psychologists of his time. An experimental test of cognitive dissonance theory in. People are then motivated to reduce the dissonance, often in the easiest manner possible. Adaptability psychology, cognitive dissonance, cognitieve dissonantie, dissonance cognitive. This simple observation led to the development of a theory that became very controversial, and it would be. Cognitive dissonance theory definition of cognitive. The theory of cognitive dissonance essay example 877. Proposed by festinger, the cognitive dissonance theory asserts that people often have two conflicting or inconsistent cognitions which produce a state of tension or discomfort also known as dissonance.
The impact of cognitive dissonance theory continued from the late 1950s to the mid1970s. An analysis of leon festingers a theory of cognitive. Aug 20, 2016 cognitive dissonance theory theorized by leon festinger states when we have two beliefs, actions, or sentiments that conflict with one another, we go through an aversive emotional state or. Cognitive dissonance 1 theory paper cognitive dissonance. The theory of cognitive dissonance was molded by leon festinger at the beginning of the 1950s. Buy a theory of cognitive dissonance anniversary ed. Cognitive dissonance theory was developed by a researcher named leon festinger in the 1950s.
Buy this product and stream 90 days of amazon music unlimited for free. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a. Individuals then change their attitudes to conform more closely with their actions,leading to an important source of attitude formation and change. List of books and articles about cognitive dissonance. If you like ice cream then this is another cognition. With a growing interest in purely cognitive processes such as information processes, the popularity of dissonance theory declined.
Cognitive dissonance theory wicklund and brehm 1976 commented on the 20year history of dissonance theory by observing, to the extent that dissonance theory has evolved since 1957, the evolution has been primarily due to the discovery that responsibility is a prerequisite for effects that we call dissonance reduction p. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. A theory of cognitive dissonance by festinger, leon, 19191989. It is also a prime example of how creative thinking and problem solving skills can come together to produce work that changes the way people look at questions for good. Click download or read online button to get a theory of cognitive dissonance book now. In the domain of exercise, cognitive dissonance theory has not been. The origins of cognitive dissonance evidence from childre n and monkeys louisa c. Cognitive dissonance theory definition psychology glossary. It is a very different motivation from what psychologist are used to dealing with but, as we shall see, nonetheless powerful. But even before festinger was the greek fabulist aesop. The origins of cognitive dissonance yale university. Download a theory of cognitive dissonance or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Because cognitive dissonance is a relatively new theory, there are some that are skeptical of the idea. The theory of cognitive dissonance started as a very simple observation by leon festinger that people do not like to deal with inconsistency.
A marketing and management perspective article pdf available in procedia social and behavioral sciences. Cognitivedissonancetheory after50yearsofdevelopment. Festinger presented dissonance theory during the heyday of cognitive consistency theories,and he discussed dissonance as a cognitive consistency theory. Cognitive dissonance was first introduced through social psychology, but still plays a fundamental role in public relations. Apr 10, 20 cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolution cognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge. Originally published in the journal of abnormal and social psychology in 1959, cognitive consequences of forced compliance by leon festinger and james carlsmith was the first of numerous studies to corroborate the theory of cognitive dissonance. A theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger. Cognitive dissonance is described as psychological discomfort that arises from holding incompatible ideas at the same time. A theory of cognitive dissonance visitado hoy en 2017. Many of these cognitions are irrelevant to each other and are not problematic for the. According to this theory, when two actions or ideas are not psychologically consistent with each other, people do all in their power. This is known as the principle of cognitive consistency. A theory of cognitive dissonance download pdfepub ebook.
99 36 358 10 801 1541 1235 1584 1160 223 1366 1042 1293 395 1349 953 1012 472 1398 984 489 567 394 1279 658 51 323 339 1128 674 651 723 833 454 1042 596 1477